Where is the Najd plateau located?

بواسطةفوري

Najd plateau

Najd language is the place that is high from the earth, Najad and Najad are combined, Najd is said to be the high road, [1].
The Najd plateau is one of the largest plateaus in the world. It covers an area of about 480,000 km²2 and made up plateau It has two parts, the eastern part, which is formed from Sedimentary rocksThe section includes the Tuwaiq Mountains, which are the backbone of the Najd plateau, and the western part of it is made of crystallized and metamorphic rocks, and in this part are the Shammar Mountains,[2] The height of the Najd plateau ranges between 762-1524 m above sea level, with a gradual decrease in it in the direction from west to east.[3]

The region that includes the Najd plateau was politically divided between the peoples who were competing for power until the middle of the eighteenth century. And then the region became under the control of the Wahhabis and under the slogan of the Wahhabi movement, It is an Islamic movement led by the Islamic world (Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab), and the House of Saud also participated in power. At that time, the Wahhabis united the city of Najd and gave it independence. Then it expanded in Mecca in the year 1803 AD. This expansion harmed the Ottomans at the time. who rushed to take control of Diriyah Governorate, However, the House of Saud re-established their control. In 1932, the House of Saud announced the unification of the entire Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and it officially included the Najd Province.[4]

In contrast to other regions located in the Arabian Gulf In the Arabian Sea , the Nejd region was not coveted by Europeans, due to its somewhat isolated geographical location. Today, Najd is considered the central administrative region and the seat of Riyadh, the official capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[5] The area includes a group of oases such as Al-Moallem, Al-Arish, Al-Kharj, and Al-Qaim.[4] It has many valleys that store rainwater. which allows cultivation in it, There are also pastures, many archaeological sites and mining sites, There are many historical sites in it, such as (Wadi Masel), which poets talked about in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry.[3]

Najd Plateau location

The Najd plateau is located in the center of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is separated from the Red Sea coast by the Hijaz and Asir mountains. It is a rocky plateau that descends from the Hijaz Mountains to the east on the north side and the northeastern side, [4] [5] and the Najd plateau is a wide and large plateau. It is sandwiched between the Hijaz plateau to the west and the Dahna sands to the east. It is also confined between Wadi Al-Dawasir, which overlooks the Empty Quarter to the south, and the Great Influence Desert to the north. The Najd plateau is bounded in the southwest by the Asir Highlands. It consists of two parts, The western part of it is called the Arabian Shield, which is the high plateau of Najd. [3] [6]

As for the eastern part of it, it is known as the Arabian Quay Range. It is the plateau of the lower Najd, [6] and the lower Najd is known as the lower Najd. Aliyah Najd is also known as the High Najd. Aliyah Najd is located on the borders of the Hijaz, specifically on the borders of Jabal Hudn, which is the highest point in the entire Najd region, reaching a height of about 1656 m above sea level. Aliyah Najd begins in Dawadmi Governorate and passes through Mahd Al-Dhahab. It ends at the Hanakiyah Governorate on the outskirts of Medina.[3]

The geological formation of the Najd plateau

The Najd plateau is divided into two parts in terms of its geological structure. The first is high we find, It consists of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is part of the Arabian Shield. Aliyah Nejd is distinguished by its ancient arcadian rocks. They are igneous and metamorphic rocks dating back to the Pre-Cambrian era. It is characterized by being very tough, It has a high resistance to various erosion processes. These rocks take the form of plateaus and rocky peaks, Examples include the Alam Mountains. And the mountains of Nair and the mountains of Dahlan, As for its specific location, it is between the south and east in the form of a slope ranging in height from 800 meters to 1200 meters above sea level. It is worth noting that it passes through a high valley, where we find many valleys and water courses extending with the direction of the gradient. Among these valleys is Wadi Al-Rammah. Bisha Valley, And triangulation and raniah and many others. [7] [8]

As for the area of the mountainous edges, which lies to the east of Aliyah Najd, it forms part of the sedimentary plateau of Najd. made up of a child, And sand and limestones , and the term “Questa” or “Questa” is used to refer to such areas. The sedimentary edges areas were formed from varying erosion processes, and they tend slightly to the east, southeast and northeast in a similar way, [7] The other part is the eastern part, which is known In the name of the lower Najd, The lower Najd is formed by a sedimentary base consisting of successive layers that started from the Cambrian period and extended until the Eocene period. It generally slopes to the east at a height ranging from 600 to 1,100 meters above sea level. It is part of the Arab shelf. [7] [8]

The rocky ridges that were formed as a result of the different hardness of the rocks appear in the Lower Najd. Where the rocky ridges extend in the form of arcs from north to south, The most important of which is the Tuwaiq edge, which extends from the north of the city of Zulfi to the Empty Quarter in the south, along a length of approximately 1,200 km. [8] There is also the edge of Al-Arma, which starts from the east of the town of Al-Artawiyah in the north to reach the town of Al-Tawdiyah in the south, From its edges descends a group of watercourses that end in internal depressions. The length of this edge is about 400 km, [6] and it is interspersed with many valleys and water courses such as Wadi Al-Rama, Wadi Al Dawasir, Najran Valley and others. [8]

the reviewer

  1. ↑ “The definition and meaning of Najd in the comprehensive dictionary of meanings” , www.almaany.com , accessed on 05-20-2018. act.
  2. ↑ A panel of authors (1999), The Arab International Encyclopedia , Riyadh – Saudi Arabia: Encyclopedia Business Foundation for Publishing and Distribution, p. 108, Part 26 (e). act.
  3. ^ a B T w Hammoud Al-Duwaihi (2018-1-18), “Alia Najd.. Epic of Love and History” , Riyadh , No. 16279. Adapted.
  4. ^ a b _ “Najd” , www.britannica.com , Retrieved 2018-5-20. Edited.
  5. ^ a b “NAJD” , www.encyclopedia.com , Retrieved 2018-5-20. Edited.
  6. ^ a b _ Mohammed Ahmed Al-Rashed, Abdullah Saleh Al-Anizan (2012), Saudi Arabia: Facts and Figures (1st ed.), Jeddah – Saudi Arabia: Saudi Geological Survey, page 53. act.
  7. ^ a b _ Mr. Dr. Abdullah bin Nasser Al-Wale’i, Geography of the sedimentary Najd plateau, a study of its edges and valleys, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University: College of Social Sciences, pp. 69-70. act.
  8. ^ a B T w “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia” , www.saudigs.org , accessed on 4-7-2018. act.